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動物福利普世宣言 

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動物福利普世宣言

文章amy » 2005-06-29, 23:24

UNIVERSAL DECLARATION FOR THE WELFARE OF ANIMALS
動物福利普世宣言



· RECOGNISING that animals are living, sentient beings and therefore deserve special consideration and respect.
基於動物是活生生,有知覺的生物,因而值得特殊考量與尊重。
· RECOGNISING that humans share this planet with other species and other forms of life and that all forms of life co-exist within an interdependent ecosystem.
基於人類與其他物種和生命型態共享地球,且共生於相互依存的生態系。
· RECOGNISING that, although there are significant social, economic and cultural differences between human societies, each should develop in a humane and sustainable manner.
雖然人類社會之間存在顯著的社會、經濟和文化差異,我們仍應開展人道且永續的對待之道。
· ACKNOWLEDGING that many states already have a system of legal protection for animals both domestic and wild.
鑑於許多國家已立法保護野生和家養動物。
· SEEKING to ensure the continued effectiveness of these systems and the development of better and more comprehensive animal welfare provisions.
我們要確保這些保護系統的有效性,且應發展更佳和更周延的動物福利法令。


NOW, THEREFORE,
因此,現在,

PROCLAIMS this Universal Declaration for the Welfare of Animals as a common standard of achievement for all peoples and all nations, to strive by all appropriate means to promote respect for these principles and by progressive measures, national and international, to secure their universal and effective recognition and observance.
我們推動「動物福利普世宣言」,俾使其成為所有國家和人民的共同目標,以所有適當的方法推廣對於這些原則的尊重。並在各國與國際層次,採取各種進步的措施,確保認同和遵行的普及和有效。

ARTICLE 1 第一條

Definitions 定義

a. “animal” means any non-human mammal, bird, reptile, amphibian, fish or invertebrate capable of feeling pain or distress.
“動物”一詞,意指任何非人類,但具有感知痛苦和緊迫能力的哺乳類、鳥類、爬蟲類、魚類或無脊椎動物。
b. “wildlife” includes any animal which has not been domesticated by humans.
“野生動物”包括未被人類所馴化的任何動物。

c. “human-dependent animals” means any animal whose welfare and survival is under human care and includes companion animals; animals raised for the provision of food, products, draught power, services, scientific research, or entertainment and wild animals held in captivity.
“依人動物”意指其福利和生存有賴人類照顧的動物,包括同伴動物;為人類食物、產製品、耕種、服務、科學研究、或娛樂需要而飼養的動物;以及人工圈養的野生動物。

d. “companion animals” refers to species which, within the context of the local culture, have traditionally been companions to humans and bred, whether systematically or not, for this purpose.
“同伴動物”意指於各地文化脈絡中,傳統上即為人類的同伴,且無論是刻意與否,其係為此目的而被繁殖的動物。

e. “cruelty” means any infliction of unnecessary pain or distress on an animal whether by deliberate act or neglect.
“虐待”意指任何故意,或因疏忽,而造成動物非必要的痛苦或緊迫之行為。

f. “welfare” is the degree to which the physical, behavioural and psychological needs of an animal are met.
“福利”係指動物生理、行為和心理的需求獲得滿足的程度。

ARTICLE 2 第二條

Fundamental Provisions 基本條款

a. Humans have a positive obligation towards the care and welfare of human-dependent animals.
對於依人動物的照顧和福利,人類有積極的責任。

b. No animal should be killed unnecessarily or be subjected to cruel acts by a human.
除非必要,不應宰殺任何動物,或讓其遭受虐待。

c. Cruelty to any animal should be regarded as a serious offence, recognised as such in legislation at all levels and punishable with sufficient penalties to deter the perpetrator from acting in the same way again.
應於各級法令中,明訂虐待任何動物都屬嚴重犯行,其懲罰應足以遏止犯者再犯。

ARTICLE 3 第三條

Wildlife 野生動物

a. Where it is deemed necessary to capture and kill wildlife, and in order to safeguard biodiversity, the maximum number of animals to be taken should be sustainable and determined on the basis of sound scientific management practices.
若為維護生物多樣性,而認為捕捉或撲殺野生動物有其必要,所移除動物的最大數量應具可持續性,且以堅強的科學管理措施為據。

b. Where it is deemed necessary to capture and kill wildlife, only those devices and techniques should be used which do not: 如若認為捕捉或撲殺野生動物有其必要,所用器材和技術必須 :
• inflict cruelty 不構成虐待
• harm non-target animals 不傷害非標的動物
• damage natural habitat 不破壞自然棲地

c. The capture and killing of wild animals for the purpose of entertainment or sport should be prohibited.
以娛樂或運動為目的,而捕捉或撲殺野生動物的行為應被禁止。

d. To ensure the implementation of the above provisions, all necessary measures shall be taken to protect habitat and ecosystems.
應採取所有保護棲地和生態系的必要措施,以確保上述條款能被遵守。

ARTICLE 4 第四條

Human-dependent animals 依人動物

a. Animals raised under the control of humans or taken into captivity by humans should be afforded the provisions of the basic Five Freedoms, being adopted increasingly throughout the animal welfare world, as follows:
為人類所圈養或管領的動物,應享有基本的五大自由:
• Freedom from hunger and thirst: by ready access to fresh water and a diet to maintain full health and vigour
免於飢渴,容易取得新鮮食物與飲水,以維持健康與活力的自由

• Freedom from discomfort: by providing an appropriate environment including shelter and a comfortable resting area
免於不適,能有適當遮蔽與休憩環境的自由

• Freedom from pain, injury and disease: by prevention or rapid diagnosis and treatment
免於痛苦、疾病與傷害,能夠預防,或容易取得適當診斷與醫療的自由

• Freedom from fear and distress: by ensuring conditions and treatment which avoid mental suffering
免於恐懼與緊迫,能有適當情境或對待,以避免精神痛苦的自由

• Freedom to express normal behaviour: by providing sufficient space, proper facilities and company of animals’ own kind
能有足夠空間,適當設施和同類伴侶;能夠表現正常行為的自由
b. Veterinary surgeons and other qualified persons should be authorised to humanely destroy any animal which is so injured, diseased or distressed that its existence involves its continued suffering.
任何動物的創傷、疾病或緊迫,若嚴重到必須持續遭受痛苦時,獸醫或其他合格人士應被授權,得以人道方式讓動物死亡。

ARTICLE 5 第五條

Animals raised for food, products and draught power
為食物、產製品、或勞力而飼養的動物

a. Where it is deemed necessary to kill an animal for the provision of food or products, the method applied should immediately render the animal unconscious to pain until death supervenes.
如若認為宰殺動物當做食物或生產製品有其必要,其方式需能立即讓動物失去痛覺,直到確實死亡。

b. The process of slaughtering an animal should be carried out by a competent and well-trained individual.
動物屠宰作業需由合格且受過良好訓練的人員執行

c. Animals awaiting slaughter should be unloaded, handled, housed, fed and watered in a humane manner.
屠前繫留動物之卸載、驅趕、圈置、餵食或給水應符合人道

d. All appropriate steps should be taken to minimise the transportation of animals. Where such transportation does occur, animal welfare concerns should be applied.
應儘可能避免動物運輸,一旦運輸,動物福利應受維護。

e. The slaughter of animals should be undertaken as close as possible to their place of rearing.
屠宰場應儘量接近飼養地。

f. All appropriate steps shall be taken to ensure that animals used to provide draught power and other work duties for humans should be entitled to a limitation on the duration and intensity of their work. Such limitations should be based on a scientific evaluation.
對於提供人類耕作勞力或其他負擔的動物,應採取所有必要措施,以確保其工作時間和密度有一定限度。且該限度應以科學評估為據。

ARTICLE 6 第六條

Companion Animals 同伴動物

a. Owners of companion animals shall be obliged to take responsibility for their care and welfare for the duration of the animals’ lives or to make arrangements to pass them on to a responsible person if they can no longer care for them.
同伴動物的主人應負責照顧動物的福利一輩子,若其無法繼續照顧牠們,應安排移交給能負責任的人。

b. Appropriate steps should be taken to promote and introduce the neutering of companion animals.
應儘可能推廣同伴動物結紮。

c. Appropriate steps should be taken to implement a process of registration and identification of companion animals.
應儘可能推廣同伴動物的註記與登記。

d. The commercial trade in companion animals should be subject to strict regulation, licensing and inspection to prevent cruelty and the breeding of unwanted animals.
同伴動物的買賣貿易,應有嚴格規範,證照查驗或檢查,以防止過度繁殖動物。

e. Veterinary surgeons and other qualified persons should be authorised to humanely destroy companion animals that are abandoned and cannot be re-homed or provided with adequate care to ensure their welfare.
對於被棄養的同伴動物,若無法被適當安置認養,或提供足夠的照護以維持其福利,獸醫或其他合格人士應被授權,得以人道方式讓動物死亡。

f. The destruction of companion animals by inhumane and indiscriminate methods, including poisoning, shooting, beating, drowning and strangulation should be prohibited.
以非人道方式殺死同伴動物,例如毒死、射殺、毆打、淹死、或勒死等應被禁止。

ARTICLE 7 第七條

Animals in Sport and Entertainment 用於運動與娛樂的動物

a. Where animals are used in legitimate sport and entertainment all appropriate steps shall be taken to prevent them being exposed to cruelty.
若用於合法運動或娛樂活動,應採所有適當措施以防止動物虐待

b. Exhibitions and spectacles using animals which are deleterious to their health and welfare should be prohibited.
有害動物健康或福利的展示或展覽應被禁止。

ARTICLE 8 第八條

Live animals in scientific research 科學研究中的活體動物

a. The use of animals for the purpose of scientific research and testing should only take place for purposes essential to human or animal welfare, including:
為科學研究和測試而使用動物,應僅以促進人類或動物福利所不可或缺為目的,包括:

• finding a cure, prevention or treatment for a specific disease
探尋特殊疾病的治療、預防或處理

• developing a product to alleviate suffering or promote health
開發能減緩痛苦或促進健康的產品

• the assessment of risk of harmful substances where no alternatives exist
評估有害成分的風險,且無替代方法可用

b. Where it is deemed necessary to use animals for research and testing purposes, the methods used should ensure that:
如若認為以科學研究和測試為目的而使用動物有其必要,其方法應符合:
• the number of animals used is minimized
使用動物數量最少化

• pain and distress is minimised and/or alleviated
痛苦或緊迫微小化且或舒緩

• high standards of husbandry and care are provided throughout the animals’ lives
提供動物終生最高水平的飼養管理與照顧

c. The replacement of experiments on live animals with alternative testing methods should be facilitated where possible and such alternative methods should be promoted, researched and validated.
可能的話,應儘量應用能夠替代活體動物實驗的方法。替代動物實驗技術應加以推廣、研究和實證。

d. The use of animals for the purpose of scientific research and testing should be prohibited wherever:
於下述情況,以科學研究和測試為目的而使用動物應被禁止:
• it is possible to obtain information of similar scientific value without using animals
無需使用動物而獲得具有類似科學價值的資訊有其可能

• information of similar scientific value is already available
具有類似科學價值的資訊已經存在

• the results are not essential to human or animal welfare
研究或測試的結果對於人類或動物的福利並非不可或缺

(翻譯:朱增宏,2001。資料來源:WSPA,June, 2001)
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