OFA 指導手冊~如何使用健康資料庫與實行選擇性繁殖 <髖關節發育不全(5)>

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Unilateral hip dysplasia單側髖關節發育不全
Hip dysplasia may occur in only one hip (unilateral). In man, the left hip
is reported to be involved more frequently than the right at a ratio of
10:1. Unilateral dysplasia in dogs follows a similar pattern, but the predominantly
affected side is breed dependent. It occurs more frequently
in the left hip of the Labrador Retriever, Newfoundland, Akita, and
Golden Retriever, but more frequently in the right hip of the Rottweiler.
The German Shepherd Dog does not appear to have a side (left or right)
predilection. Frequency of unilateral HD is also independent of the frequency
of HD in a breed.

「髖關節發育不全」有可能只發生在單側的髖關節上。在人類的病例報告中，左側髖關節比起右側髖關節
，有更高的發生率，比例約為10:1。與人一樣，狗的「單側發育不全」也有類似的情形，不過好發於
哪一側，則取決於犬種差異。對於拉不拉多犬、紐芬蘭犬、秋田犬與黃金獵犬，左側髖關節有較高的
發病率；而挪威那犬，則是好發於右側髖關節；德國狼犬則沒有特定一側有較高發生率。每個犬種發
生「單側發育不全」的機率與此犬種在CHD的總發生率，是沒有相關性的。

Chase (2004) identified quantitative trait loci (QTL’s) associated
with hip joint laxity; one for the left hip and
the other for the right hip in the Portuguese Water Dog.
The reported frequency of unilateral HD varies from 3% to more
than 30% of the dysplastic dogs depending on the population studied. It
appears that frequency of unilateral HD is higher in some genetic lines
within a breed, than in other lines within the same breed. Furthermore,
the same hip (right or left) is repeatedly involved within the line. That is,
when several or influential ancestors have unilateral HD in, for example,
the left hip then the progeny that are unilaterally affected will almost
invariably show the abnormality in the left hip.

Chase在2004年以葡萄牙水獵犬作為研究對象，定義出與髖關節鬆弛度相關的『數量性狀基因座』
（QTL’s：在染色體上，一群功能相關且位置靠近的基因群。）；其中一個與左側髖關節相關，另
一個則與右側髖關節相關。

研究顯示，「單側發育不全」的發生率，佔CHD總數的3%到30%不等，依被研究的族群不同而有
所差異。而在同一個品種中，有某些血系的「單側發育不全」發生率，是高於其它血系的。進一步去
看，這些血系中，同一側的髖關節（左邊或右邊）是持續重複發生「單側發育不全」的。因此，當有
多個祖先或重要親代患有「單側發育不全」時，舉例來說，若親代患有左側發育不全，當牠的後代也
得到「單側發育不全」時，將有幾乎不變的結果：一樣是左側髖關節出現異常。